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The Argo observational network consists of a fleet of 3000+ profiling autonomous floats deployed by about a dozen teams worldwide. WHOI has built about 10% of the global fleet. The mission lifetime of each float is about 4 years. During a typical mission, each float reports a profile of the upper ocean every 10 days. The sensors onboard record fundamental physical properties of the ocean: temperature and conductivity (a measure of salinity) as a function of pressure. The depth range of the observed profile depends on the local stratification and the float's mechanical ability to adjust it's buoyancy. The majority of Argo floats report profiles between 1-2 km depth. At each surfacing, measurements of temperature and salinity are relayed back to shore via satellite. Telemetry is usually received every 10 days, but floats at high-latitudes which are iced-over accumulate their data and transmit the entire record the next time satellite contact is established. With current battery technology, the best performing floats last 6+ years and record over 200 profiles.
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The W1M3A observing system is one of the most important infrastructures of the National Research Council of Italy and it is part of the network of deep ocean European observatories, and the two ERICs EMSO and ICOS. The open sea laboratory is moored in the middle of the Ligurian Sea, inside the area known as the "Cetaceans Sanctuary" on the route between Genoa and Cape Corse, about 80 Km off the coast of Liguria where the water depth is about 1200 m. The observatory helps to monitor the conditions and the sea state of the Ligurian basin by continuously acquiring meteorological, physical, bio-geochemical and wave measurements. The collected data are transmitted in near real time to the station ashore to be used by national and international agencies and institutions. The buoy can be also imagined as a "miniature island" able to offer a substrate for the development of a rich biological community. Many organisms settle and develop on the buoy, colonising its entire underwater surface.