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In 2003, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at NIH established Data, Biosample, and Genetic Repositories to increase the impact of current and previously funded NIDDK studies by making their data and biospecimens available to the broader scientific community. These Repositories enable scientists not involved in the original study to test new hypotheses without any new data or biospecimen collection, and they provide the opportunity to pool data across several studies to increase the power of statistical analyses. In addition, most NIDDK-funded studies are collecting genetic biospecimens and carrying out high-throughput genotyping making it possible for other scientists to use Repository resources to match genotypes to phenotypes and to perform informative genetic analyses.
The Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS), established in 1988, is a systematic longitudinal study enrolling HIV-infected individuals in Switzerland. It is a collaboration of all Swiss University Hospital infectious disease outpatient clinics, two large cantonal hospitals, all with affiliated laboratories, and with affiliated smaller hospitals and private physicians carrying for HIV patients. The Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study (MoCHiV) is integrated into the SHCS. It aims at preventing mother to child transmission and enrolls HIV-infected pregnant women and their children. The SHCS involves practically all researchers being active in patient-oriented HIV research in Switzerland. The clinics can delegate recruitment of participants and follow-up visits to other outpatient clinics or to specialized private physicians, provided that the requirements of the protocol can be entirely fulfilled and controlled. The laboratories can contract other laboratories for some of the analyses.